Dr. Tom's Independent Software Reviews

The Giants get together - TRADOS 7 vs. SDLX 2005

Introduction:

This review compares the two giants in translation memory tools: TRADOS, the first commercially available and quasi-industry standard, originating from Germany - and its strongest challenger SDLX, which was able to dig off many customers from TRADOS within the last years. SDLX is being developed by one of the worlds largest translation service providers SDL from Great Britain, who was able to acquire TRADOS Inc. in summer 2005. This is the reason why this review aims secondly, to compare the last independently developed versions of both software. I hope to provide a reasonable basis for SDL to decide on the future of both products - or more correctly, the future of the successor of both tools to hopefully combine the strengths of both philosophies.

TRADOS was founded in 1984 by Jochen Hummel and Iko Knyphausen in Stuttgart, Germany. In 1990, the first version of one of TRADOS's main components, MultiTerm, was created as a memory-resident multilingual terminology manager for DOS. By the end of 1992, TRADOS developed MultiTerm for Windows. At the same time, the second main component of TRADOS, the Translator's Workbench, introducing linguistic fuzzy-matching on translation memories, was established for DOS and 1994 for Windows. As a multinational corporation, TRADOS held offices in Germany, France, Belgium, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Sweden, China, Japan, Switzerland and the United States. In July 2005, TRADOS was acquired by SDL International, the developers of SDLX.

Mark Lancaster incorporated SDL in 1992 as a service provider for the globalization of software. Since that time, SDL International (London Stock Exchange 'SDL') has grown to be one of the world’s largest provider of translation services. In 1998, SDL began to acquire and develop translation and localization soft- and hardware - both for its own use in client-specific solutions, and to be sold as free-standing commercial products. Being quite successful, SDL formed its Desktop Products Division in 2001. Because many of its customers are service providers themselves, the division operates independently of the client services divisions.
SDL is a strong advocate for the use of open standards and an active member of various standards bodies including LISA and the OASIS XLIFF technical committee which defines standards for XML-based localization.

The TRADOS Philosophy:
TRADOS combines terminology management and translation memory (TM) software. In version 7 it is finally fully TMX and Unicode compliant. TRADOS consists of seamlessly integrated editors and tools:

• MultiTerm is a concept-oriented terminology database and management system. A fuzzy-index engine helps to identify identical and similar phrases. Translations using MultiTerm in combination with the TRADOS Translator’s Workbench allow for a high terminological consistency and quality. MultiTerm can be accessed from all editing interfaces.
• TRADOS' professional TM system is named Translator’s Workbench. It can be fully integrated into Microsoft Word and TRADOS' own editor TagEditor. The TM consists of a customizable fuzzy-match engine which displays color-coded highlighting of deviations to identify similar entries in the translation memory. It can be run cross-linked to the terminology base MultiTerm. The fundamental philosophy of TRADOS until most recently was the use of MS Word as the most important editor - handling the most important source file formats (DOC and RTF) in their native environment allowing WYSIWYG as you translate.
• TagEditor enables you to translate tagged text files such as HTML/ASP/JSP, XML and XSL as well as the Adobe FrameMaker and Interleaf DTP formats. Trying to emancipate from Microsoft products, TRADOS extended the file coverage during the last years. After including MS PowerPoint and Excel, version 7 also supports MS Word (read below - new features).
• T-Window Collection: From a whole suite of enhancements originally made to TRADOS 5.5, T7 only keeps T-Window for Clipboard, which allows you to translate text from any Windows application. All other file types previously handled by T-Windows modules (such as Software binaries and resource files) are now processed by the TagEditor.
• TRADOS' visual alignment system is named WinAlign. It allows users to create translation memories from previously translated texts by visually coupling text from the source and target-language.
• By means of a SDK consisting of various APIs, TRADOS interacts with many specialized 3rd-party tools which are e.g. used in software localization such as PASSOLO, CATALYST and RCWinTrans. This enables a combined approach in software localization where you have to translate software (binaries, resource files, XLIFF), manuals and documentation and web sites.

Fig. 1: TRADOS 7's Redesigned TagEditor
handles software binaries and features an improved MultiTerm integration to quickly search (toolbar, upper right), add and edit terms (expanded Tools menu - middle). In addition, several new plugins verify the quality of your translation (middle panel).
Please click on the image for a closer look!

The SDLX Philosophy:
SDLX is fully TMX and Unicode compliant and features a modular architecture consisting of eight components:

• At the core of SDLX is SDL Edit - a two-column grid based editor to handle all supported file formats: text and text processor formats such as TXT, CSV, RTF and DOC, tagged formats: HTM(L), ASP, SGML, XML, MIF (FrameMaker Maker Interchange Format), code and resource files: RC, CPP, FRM, BAS and Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint files. SDLX furthermore supports almost any file type that can be displayed within Windows by the new Clipboard Translator including bi-directional and multi-byte text - such as Arabic, Japanese and Hebrew. Although the interface appears to be simple, it provides most functions typical of text processing software: find and replace, copy and paste, undo and redo, and statistical functions including word and character count - however, formatting stays somewhat uncertain during translation until you use the preview features.
• SDL TermBase features a concept-oriented terminology database and management system.
• Alignment of previously translated material and external references with new source files is done by SDL Align.
• The third component, SDL Maintain, enables you to import and edit TM information using SDLX's standard interface.
• The SDL Project Wizard simplifies and automates the preparation and post production of translation projects.

The Professional and Elite versions of SDLX feature three additional modules:

• The statistics module SDL Analyse provides project managers with convenient tools for estimating the efforts required in new projects by listing the amount of repetition and fuzzy matches in a file or a set of files.
• The batch processing module SDL Apply is used to apply a TM to all project files in a single batch operation.

SDL develops its own software localization tool named SDLInsight which is unfortunately not sufficiently interacting with SDLX 2005 to satisfy the needs of the software localization industry. Furthermore, SDL does not develop a SDK for SDLX - nor any APIs which would allow 3rd-party tools to take advantage of SDLX in software localization.

Fig. 2: Improved Tag Settings Creation and Conditional XML Support
Please click on the image for a slide show of the various configuration dialogs!

What's new in TRADOS 7?:

• Context TM and TRADOStag Workflow for Microsoft Word documents: TRADOS now offers the option to process Microsoft Word documents as XML-based TRADOStag documents in TagEditor. This allows you to apply TRADOS' Context TM in addition to the traditional translation memory approach using Translator’s Workbench. Context TM is an add-on module for TRADOS Team or Translation Memory Server that eliminates up to 95% of the time and effort of translating revised versions of previously-translated documents. Context TM translates updated documents against original bilingual documents, transferring the translations in context from the old into the new documents. In previous TRADOS versions, this technology was named XTranslate. It is ideal for lengthy projects with frequent updates, because instead of running the entire project through a translation memory, translators see only the updates. In addition, all documents of the same file type can now follow the same translation workflow, enabling maximum leverage and streamlined processes. The traditional RTF-based workflow for Word documents using MS Word as editor continues to be supported but does not offer Context TM support.
  
• Enhanced Software Localization Capabilities: Windows 32-bit Executable Files, that is, EXE, DLL, and OCX files can now be translated and previewed directly in TagEditor. Both, Workbench and Context TM allow batch-processing and alignment (using WinAlign) of such files. New TagEditor verification plug-ins facilitate software localization by checking localized files for potential problems such as overlapping menu strings or duplicate shortcut key assignment. In addition to executable files, you can also use TagEditor for the localization of resource files such as RC and DLG. As part of these changes, the former T-Window applications are no longer required and therefore have been removed.
• Improved Tag Settings Creation and Conditional XML Support: TRADOS 7 comes with a completely redesigned Tag Settings Wizard (formerly DTD Settings Wizard). In addition to a more user-friendly interface, the wizard features new capabilities including the option to generate tag settings files not only from DTDs, but also from XML schemas and directly from the XML files to translate. It automatically recognizes which tags are external and which are to be treated as internal.
  A second major improvement is the support of conditional XML: the content of tags can be defined as translatable or non-translatable depending on attribute values. Moreover, it is also possible to define that a tag encloses translatable content unless it has a specific tag as parent element.
  Predefined Tag Settings Files offer you quick processing for standard XML applications such as XLIFF and DITA (an OASIS standard for authoring and information management) and tag settings for Excel XML Spreadsheets, Visio XML files and XLIFF files generated by Flash MX 2004.
  
• TagEditor Usability and Performance Enhancements: TagEditor is now equipped with an AutoText feature. You can create new AutoText entries on-the-fly from any text selection in TagEditor. Frequently used text is available from the AutoText list. Another usability enhancement is the Change Case feature. This feature allows you to toggle the case of a text selection conveniently between lowercase,
  uppercase, and title case. Finally, an old shortcoming of TagEditor was fixed: running find/replace operations or searches for specific strings in larger documents now takes considerably less time.
• TagEditor now features terminology consistency verification. You can use this new plug-in to check the current TRADOStag document against a project termbase and determine if any source terms may have been translated without using the proper target term from the termbase or if any target segments contain potentially 'forbidden' terminology.
  
• Several features offer an improved linking to and improved integration of MultiTerm. TagEditor is now equipped with an additional MultiTerm toolbar allowing you to search terms in one or several termbases simultaneously and add new terminology on-the-fly while translating in TagEditor. In addition to searching terminology from the Concordance Search or the TM Maintenance windows, you can now add new terms to MultiTerm directly from within Workbench. You can choose to add additional information and select up to two entry and term fields when adding terms on the fly either from Workbench, TagEditor or Word. Moreover, you can choose to add the segments in which the terms occur as context examples to the new entry. When working within Word, you can also add your current document name to the new MultiTerm entry. Workbench now allows you to select an unlimited number of termbases. You can use these termbases for active terminology recognition and for look-up from within TagEditor.
• Additional Language Support: TRADOS 7 offers support for a number of additional languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, and Telugu. TMs are fully Unicode-enabled and allow to use languages such as Hindi, Arabic and Russian also to be used for attribute and text field labels and values.
• Several Workbench usability enhancements include: TM maintenance now allows you to bookmark where you left off and resume your work from that position on later. You can now enter variable text, abbreviations, and ordinal followers by typing directly into the list elements. Through the Translation Memory Options, you can now choose to not have the last TM opened automatically when starting Workbench. In addition, you can store up to nine recently used translation memories in the quick list of the Workbench File menu. In TRADOS 7, you can simply edit all translation units. Character formatting is displayed in full WYSIWYG mode without RTF codes. Finally, there is full TMX 1.4b support. TRADOS has received TMX certification by the vendor-independent TMX certification body, which underlines the TRADOS commitment to open standards.
• Fine-tuning MS Office Filter Settings: From the Filters program group you can configure all settings for the MS Word, Excel, and PowerPoint filters. You can, for example, determine in which order text boxes should be processed, whether content from speaker notes or comments should be exposed for translation.
• Finally, TRADOS 7 is also available in a dongle-free SoftLock version and WinAlign now allows you to 'enforce' 1:1 alignments. This is especially useful when aligning documents such as lists, Excel tables, GUI strings, and so on.

Fig. 3: SDLX 2005 SDL Edit Module:
Simultaneous view of TM (2nd panel from bottom), terminology (upper right) and concordance search (lower panel). The expanded tools menu (top middle) shows the new implementation of MS Office's grammar check.
Please click on the image for a closer look!

What's new in SDLX 2005?:

• Unique Quality Assurance (QA) Check: The QA module contains the Terminology QA Check (introduced in SDLX 2004) which automatically analyzes your projects against a terminology file. A 2nd module checks for empty, forgotten or partially forgotten translations (i.e. semi-translated, blank or untranslated segments. Another QA check scans your files for inconsistent translations and ensures that all identical segments have been translated the same way by optionally taking the context of the strings into account. The QA module helps you furthermore to avoid corrupt characters that do not exist in your target language. For example, when translating from English to Japanese, the symbols ® or ™ are not recognized Japanese characters. It checks for identical punctuation in the source and target languages and compares your target translations against your source documents to ensure that no format information (in SDLX format painting) has been deleted or is required. Another QA procedure checks that you are consistently using the same regular expressions in your translations. For example, if you are using three dots (…) to denote the end of a sentence or paragraph you can check that you have consistently used three and not two or four dots on different occasions. SDLX 2005 uses ICU Regular Expressions which is a universal set of codes that provide applications with the ability to apply regular expressions to data so your regular expressions can be user defined. Every time you run a QA Check, an interactive report is generated which allows you to jump directly to the objected segments by simply clicking on the corresponding list item.
  
• ITD Splitting: SDL Split chops up your ITD (SDLX converts all source documents into bilingual translation files named ITD) if it is too large to manage or it is desirable to divide it into smaller files to send to individual translators. You may split them according to word count, segment count or into a pre-defined number of separate translation sub-documents. Once all the sub-documents have been translated, they can be merged back into the original sized document for exporting.
• Grammar Checking: In addition to Microsoft’s Spell Checker, SDLX 2005 introduces the ability to use MS Grammar Checker to further improve the quality of your translations.
  
• SDLX 2005 introduces a new sub-titling filter. The filter handles EBU (European Broadcasting Union) subtitles (closed and open caption). The closed caption is used for teletext whilst the open caption is used on film.
• In addition to existing database support (MS Access, MSDE and SQL Server) SDLX now supports Oracle version 8 and above. You can store your Translation Memories in an Oracle database and benefit from the advantages of running your translation environment on this powerful, robust platform.
• The ability to add comments to individual segments was introduced in SDLX 2004. Now in SDLX 2005, you can add a comment to a translation document (ITD) which can be shared by everyone using the file.
• Direct MS Office File Support: SDLX 2005 significantly streamlines the translation process when working with Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and Excel files. Now you can directly import your MS Office files into SDL Analyse, SDL Align and SDL Edit.
• Improved RTF and EXCEL XLS Filters: The RTF filter has been enhanced to reduce the amount of format painting needed to be done in your translations. When you import your RTF files into SDLX, the filter does not reference irrelevant formatting that does not need to be displayed and format painted when you are translating. The XLS filter has been enhanced to allow you more flexibility when importing XLS files into SDLX. You can, for example, choose not to import hidden rows and columns.
• SDLX 2005 features a new switchboard which integrates the SDL Xtra features: XLIFF, Split, Utilities, Update, Compare and Exchange into the switchboard. You can choose to display only the core SDLX modules or extend the switchboard to also display the Xtras.
• Preview Source Document: While translating in SDL Edit you can now preview both, your source and target files to check layout, formatting or general presentation without searching for the source file first.
• New Languages: SDLX 2005 supports more than 150 languages and is fully Unicode compliant. New additions are Maltese, Armenian and Georgian.
• Enhanced SDL Compare: SDL Compare is a project review utility that compares different versions of ITDs and identifies the differences between them. In SDLX 2005, you can choose to highlight not only the segment containing the differences but the exact words that have changed.

Fig. 4: QA Check Report:
Every time you run a QA Check, an interactive XML report is generated which displays the results of your check, segment by segment (A), and allows you to view and directly edit the exact segment in your translation document by simply clicking on the corresponding segment in your report. The structure of the LOG file is shown by using a XML-editor (B).
Please click on the image for a closer look!

TRADOS 7 Product Suites and Prices:

• TRADOS 7 Freelance edition: US$895
• TRADOS 7 Team: Designed for translators in a team. Networkable, allows teams of translators to work together on shared translation memories. Use of unlimited languages. Does not include file format filters or WinAlign.
• TRADOS 7 Team Pro: Designed for translators, editors, proofreaders, terminologists, engineers, and project managers. Includes WinAlign and support of highly complex filters: e.g. Adobe FrameMaker, InDesign and PageMaker, QuarkXPress, Corel Ventura and Interleaf QuickSilver.

All pricing for LSP (language service providers) and corporate customers is on an enquiry basis to productsales@sdl.com

SDLX 2005 Product Suites and Prices:

• SDLX 2005 Lite: Contains SDL Edit, TermBase and File QA Check. This is a FREE version of SDLX that will work ONLY with projects prepared with the ELITE version of SDLX.
• SDLX 2005 Standard: Contains SDL Align, SDL Project Wizard, SDL Edit, SDL Termbase, SDL Maintain, SDL Exchange (SDLX files <> TRADOS files), SDL File QA Check, SDL Batch QA Check and SDL File Split and offers the ability to access/lookup and update multiple TMs. US$695.00; €545.00
• SDLX 2005 Professional: All modules enabled. US$1,795.00; €1,395.00
• SDLX 2005 Elite: All modules enabled. In addition you can produce files that can be edited with SDLX™ Lite. US$3,995.00; €3,095.00

Usage & Evaluation - TRADOS:

TRADOS 7 improves many of its long-standing qualities and adds a great tag settings module to customize handling of tagged formats such as XML, HTML and XLIFF. As started in previous versions, TRADOS continues to move away from the use of Microsoft products as add-in enabled third party editors and focuses on its TagEditor to handle almost all supported formats. Fortunately, processing speed of the TagEditor was highly improved to encourage users to follow this transition. However, you can still use MS Word to process DOC or RTF files in a WYSIWYG environment. Another well-worth comment is again to mention TRADOS excellent help system which provides direct jumping to the exact topic from which you selected help.

On the downside, I first have to mention TRADOS' unlucky start to provide a dongle-free licensing system based on SoftLock. Unlike in SDLX, your license is generated to fit either to your network card or your system hard disk. As such the license is not easily transferable to another computer by simple de-registering on one PC and registering on the other. You are only permitted a one-time transfer of your license file for emergency cases. I hope one positive side effect of the acquisition of TRADOS will be the adoption of SDLX's flexible licensing scheme.
My second annoyance started when installing the product suite. I had to read through several technical notes and first install MultiTerm 7 before being able to install TRADOS 7 - this however, required first to de-install MultiTerm 6.5 as they cannot co-exist on the same system. This, furthermore, required all terminology files of the version 6 format to first being converted into the version 7 format - so it was a great deal but did work quite smoothly once I read through all appropriate notes. Once installed I could enjoy a faster and easier terminology handling and a better integration of into both MS Word and TagEditor. I just came upon one shortcoming concern the handling of strings containing ampersands (&). Unfortunately I did not receive feedback from the support staff on this so I can't judge how this would effect e.g. software localization in TRADOS 7. Finally, it is annoying that MultiTerm still does not provide import filters for other often used terminology formats such as SDL TermBases. It is my hope that this remainder of TRADOS' arrogance to be the market leader will now be mediated and that SDL will at least care to include import options to their products into TRADOS and MultiTerm.
As much I am used to translate DOC/RTF in MS Word associated with the TRADOS Workbench, I cannot get used on the complicated way to enlarge or diminish segments. Sometimes it requires 10 or more steps until it gradually comes to the string I need. Here it is a relief working in SDLX where I can simply place my cursor at the spot where I want to split or merge and voilà (as long as I do not receive a note that you cannot separate/combine between different paragraphs - another annoyance which gets you in both tools). My second observation in TRADOS 7 (which I already made in TRADOS 6.5) was the lack of a search feature for possible duplicate translation units in local TM bases. I was informed by SDL that this is an internal problem of file-based TM databases but I could not really follow this and received no further explanations. SDL Maintain, on the other side, provides duplicates search.

Usage & Evaluation - SDLX :

SDLX 2005 adds an extremely useful QA check which helps translators and project managers a great deal to find errors, quickly navigate to their location, and keep track of the QA process. Extended Xtra-features, now located on the SDLX switchboard, include a very useful option to export all or selected strings only into MS Excel. A second goodie is the option to update previously translated materials to only include changed and new strings (the previous translation must also have been performed using SDLX). Split & merge allows larger projects and documents to be split according to various rules and distributed to multiple translators. After receiving the processed parts it is easy and save to merge them back to the entire project and create the target files.
Old advantages of SDLX include the powerful arrangement of all tools you need for a TM- and terminology-supported translation right within one clearly arranged user interface (SDL Edit), enabling fast and stable processing. SDL Edit also allows the convenient adding of terms into TermBase right from within its interface, very flexible splitting and joining of segments, global search/replace and the option to paste text from various sources such as software dictionaries or web pages as plain text - without trying to include the formatting of those strings.

On the other hand, SDLX still does not provide a sufficient help system. Some functions are documented by PDF files or white papers but many are missing direct help links. An example of SDLX weak help system/documentation: It took me a support question to figure out how to apply format paint (applying color-coded formatting of the source onto the appropriate stings in the target) from a continuous source segment to target strings that are separated. I already thought this as a serious shortcoming in SDLX but am now relieved. However, I still did not find out whether it is possible to decide that a "mandatory" format paint is not necessary after all - e.g. because the article of a noun is not necessary in the target language. Format errors can even prevent to preview or create target files - in such cases it is better to return to the source string and change the string after exporting your translation into the target format. SDLX continued to improve format painting in every version. However, it is still one of the most important weaknesses of SDLX but also any other grid- or table-based TM systems (such as DejaVu and Star TRANSIT). For somebody used to translate within MS Word it would be more convenient if formatting would be presented in a WYSIWYG mode but you can definitely get used to the color-coded approach, if format painting is flexible enough to allow for split painting or completely disregard format painting.
The removal of the AutoTrans machine translation (MT) from SDLX is most unfortunate as the integration of MT into TM is a very promising future development direction in the translation industry even though it is currently more followed by MT tools such as SYSTRAN and PROMT. However, AutoTrans was not really further developed since SDL acquired it from Transcend and would have needed much work to keep up with other MT solutions.

As I mentioned in my earlier review of SDLX 2004, SDL TermBase should recognize or allow you to specify the linguistic root of terms thus enabling to find grammatical flexions such as plural and cases. Although I was told that Fuzzy-Match Terminology Lookup is scheduled for SDLX 2005, this feature is still not implemented. SDL Termbase is generally wider open to import third party formats but does not support the new XML-based MultiTerm format. Minor, still not fixed problems I already mentioned for SDLX 2004 include problems with the auto matching of number separators in cases of just 1 digit before the separator and the lack of a confirmation dialog when shutting the TermBase module which might cause edited or added terms to be lost if you did not save them before closing the application.
Nice additions to translating in SDL Edit would be a direct selection and pasting of TM and terminology matches by mouse click in addition to convenient shortcuts (e.g. Ctr-1, Alt-1). Furthermore, it would be great if you could include matches in addition to strings already present at the cursor position or replace just a marked portion of an already present string instead of replacing the entire string of the target field.

In conclusion, both TRADOS and SDLX offer advantages and disadvantages over each other. TRADOS offers a more visual translation by WYSIWYG (when translating DOC/RTF in MS Word) and close pseudo-formatting in TagEditor, whereas SDLX is faster, more stable and offers everything needed less complicated and more elegant under a single graphical user interface. Both solutions show problems handling extended elements within DOC (e.g. form elements) sometimes requiring manual conversion of DOC into RTF. TRADOS is currently better equipped to handle embedded MS Word elements (by use of the Word XML format within TagEditor) and most natively tagged formats. Another slight advantage of TRADOS is the option to check spelling and grammar while you write and get the results displayed by colored underlining. I hope that SDL will value the worth of its acquisition well enough to keep the goods of TRADOS alive when merging both products into a single successor. I furthermore hope that SDL will open up its APIs to allow third-party tools such as software localization tools to cooperate with SDLX and the successor of SDLX-TRADOS. This way the translation/localization community will surely profit from the recent changes within the market.

System Requirements:
TRADOS 7 requires a PC with a 512 MHz Pentium III or higher compatible processor and a minimum of 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended). A minimum of 130 MB of hard disk space should be available. TRADOS 7 runs under Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Earlier operating system generations such as Windows NT and Windows 98 are no longer supported. For processing Microsoft Word or RTF-based files, Microsoft Word 2000 or later is required. TRADOS 7 requires Microsoft Excel 2000 and PowerPoint 2000 (or later) for processing Microsoft Excel or PowerPoint documents. The Java Runtime Engine (JRE1.4.2_08) is required to translate TTX-based RC files using TagEditor. Finally, TRADOS 7 requires Microsoft .NET Framework version 1.1 SP1. If the .NET Framework is not installed on your machine, version 1.1 SP1 is automatically deployed by all setup programs.

SDLX 2005 runs under Windows NT® 4.0, Windows® 2000 and XP. It requires a PC with a Pentium® III 1GHz (Pentium IV 2 GHZ recommended) with 512 MB RAM. 50MB free HD space for installation.

Company Information:
SDL Desktop Products Division Headquarters: Globe House, Clivemont Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 7DY, England; Tel: +44 1628 410100; Fax: +44 1628 410150; Email: productsales@sdl.com.
North America: One N. La Salle, Suite 1855, Chicago, IL 60602, USA; Tel: +1 312 658 0260; Email: naproductsales@sdl.com.
Asia: SDL Japan; Megurohigashiyama Bldg., 4F; 1-4-4 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku; Tokyo, 153-0043;
Japan; Tel.: +81 3 5720 2591, Fax: +81 3 5720 2592; Email: asiaproductsales@sdl.com; URL: http://www.sdl.com